Analyze Native American Societies

This essay will analyze Native American societies for world view and cultural and institutional differentiation. In so doing, we will discuss the possibilities or the lack of endogenously generated social change within American Indian societies and cultures. Mainly this essay will concentrate on two important aspects of world view that contribute to conservatism in Native American cultures. The two aspects are as follows, holistic Native American beliefs versus dualistic world views, and in so discussing we will illuminate the reader’s knowledge about the differences in views of purity and salvation. The second important aspect is that of the economic ethic: American Capitalism versus Native American subsistence labor ethic. The reasons why these two aspects are so important in explaining change or the lack of change in Native American communities is because everything is linked to religion and the ceremonies that ensue and the kinships within each community. As one author put it, Native American tribes are like apples and America is like an orange. This is meant as an analogy of how American society is compartmentalized and divided into many parts and Native American society is interlinked. In northern America there are hundreds of Native American tribes and all have distinct religions with their own distinct creation stories, and each tribe has its own rituals, each with unique ways of giving thanks and honoring the sacred. The one distingsion they all have in common is the idea of this-worldliness and a sense of conservatism. For the Native American community, the world is a gift given by the Creator and should not be changed or altered, it should be conserved and respected with a sense of balance. â€Å"To change the order of the given world would challenge the wisdom of the Creator and upset the sacred balance and order of the universe. A people who renounced the sacred ceremonies that give thanks to the creator for health, harmony, victory in war, good harvests, or good hunting would forfeit the favor of the Creator and lose divine protection and aid. (Champagne, 2007: 35) This is in sharp contrast with the Calvinistic dualism of this-worldliness and otherworldliness. As Weber puts it, the Calvinist doctrine can be described as one based on change and progress. For in Calvinism it is believed that this world is evil, corrupt, filled with death and destruction, and heaven is where the real world is, where each individual can attain salvation. For these reasons, it is mans duty to do his part to improve this evil world and make it as heavenly as possible. The view that this world is an evil and corrupt place, and that heaven is the real world, has implications of understanding possibilities for accepting change. † (Champagne, 2007: 34) This is why change comes more easily for Christian Calvinists than it does for Native Americans. For Native Americans this world is the only world and one must strike a balance with nature in order to gain harmony. There is no salvation, if one does wrong, then misfortune befalls him and at times his community within this world. The second important aspect is that of the economic ethic: American Capitalism versus Native American subsistence labor ethic. In order to gain a better understanding of this aspect we must first dive deeper into the roots of American Capitalism. Traditional capitalism has been around for hundreds of years in Europe and elsewhere in various forms; however, American Capitalism is unlike any other type seen in history. American Capitalism is competitive rational capitalism. As is argued by Weber, the reason for the difference is based of Christian Calvinism. While Weber recognizes that a variety of legal, political, and monetary conditions were necessary for the rise of capital markets and production, he argues that these features are not enough to explain the rise of capitalism without explaining the motivation of the capitalists to break the norms of traditional capitalism in favor of the competitive and innovative action of rational capitalism. Weber finds an explanation for the bre akdown of European traditional capitalism in Calvinist doctrine. Calvinist doctrine proclaimed that Gods will was predetermined for all time, only the elect received salvation, and all had a specific calling. Weber interpreted Calvinism as an otherworldly religion, where people sought to achieve salvation in the next world, not in this world, which was considered evil, corrupt, and full of sin. Although otherworldly salvation is the primary goal, Calvinists needed to show that they belonged to the elect, those chosen to go to heaven. Although the elect were predetermined, none know if they belonged to the chosen, and each person was enjoined by the Calvinist community to act like one of the elect and do the work of God on earth. Calvinists were not allowed to enjoy worldly comforts but were enjoined to be moral, work hard, and accumulate wealth as signs of their labor and moral fortitude. Wealth was a sign of the fruits of constant labor but could not be used to satisfy personal pleasures; therefore, it was reinvested in order to make more wealth and provide more work for others. † (Champagne, 2007: 29) This for Weber is the beginning of American Capitalism, later to be known as the protestant work ethic. This view is far from that of the Native American communities, for they were and are concerned with gaining balance with nature and giving thanks for gifts that the Creator has given, not salvation in otherworldly places. In the Calvinist view the world and its vast recourses and creatures are placed here for man to bend and manipulate to his will, in order to make this world into a heaven on earth. For Native Americans the creatures and resources that the Creator has created are not here for man to use and manipulate, thou Native Americans use the land they do not believe that man is any more special than any other creature. Native Americans believe that all living things have a soul were Christians believe that man is the center of the world and the only creature with a soul. This distinction makes it vary difficult for Native American communities to accept change and adapt to capitalism. Another underlining reason as to why change is so difficult to implement in Native American communities is because every aspect of tribal life is so interconnected that change in one aspect of life would inadvertently mean change in the entire outlook. In Native American tribes, all aspects of life, whether it is religion, economy, or polity are all interlinked. As Professor Champagne said , Native American tribes are like onions, they are layers upon layers centered on creation stories and ceremonies. A good example of this is the Hopi community. â€Å"Clans and families within villages organize Hopi religious, ceremonial, and political leadership. Although the particular way in which Hopi institutions are constructed is unique to them, a pattern of undifferentiation is observed mong them because religious, political, economic, and kinship structures are tightly interrelated and interpenetrating. Because of this pattern of undifferentiated institutional relations, the Hopi will be reluctant to consider institutional innovation such as change in political relations if such change requires major reorientations in creation stories, religious ceremonies, and kinship relations. † (Champagne, 2007: 41) The Hopi are not unique in this way; this way of living is true for most indigenous communities. In conclusion this essay has attempted to analyze Native American societies for world view and cultural and institutional differentiation. In so doing, we have discussed the possibilities of endogenously generated social change within American Indian societies and cultures. Mainly this essay has concentrated on two important aspects of world view that contribute to conservatism in Native American cultures. The two aspects as listed above are as follows, holistic Native American beliefs versus dualistic world views, and in so discussing we have underlined views of purity and salvation. The second important aspect that that was discussed was the economic ethic: American Capitalism versus Native American subsistence labor ethic. The reasons why these two aspects are so important in explaining change or the lack of change in Native American communities is because everything is linked to religion and the ceremonies that ensue. As one author put it, Native American tribes are like apples and America is like an orange. This is meant as an analogy of how American society is compartmentalized and divided into many parts and Native American society is interlinked.

The Function of Law

The Function and Role of Law Jeremy Harrell LAW 421/ Contemporary Business Law Denver Snuffer The Function and Role of Law in Business and Society Law is something that affects everyone wherever they live. If you are involved in a business, law is definitely something that will affect you in more ways than one. Lack of knowledge of the society you live in and how laws will govern you can affect you and your business in the way you operate. Law Defined and its Effect on SocietyAccording to Wikipedia, â€Å"Commercial law, also known as business law, is the body of law that applies to the rights, relations, and conduct of persons and businesses engaged in commerce, merchandising, trade, and sales. It is often considered to be a branch of civil law and deals with issues of both private law and public law. † Not only can law have an effect on society and business, but business and society can in return have an impact on law. The influence of a business on society can affect change s to laws which govern how they operate.This influence can be through recommending changes that will help their business, or help protect them from a society that has become a â€Å"sue happy† society in order to make money in an unstable economy, in my opinion. Interesting Events Some of the interesting law suits that I am referring to in my claim that our society is a â€Å"sew happy† society is quite intriguing. I worked for a McDonald’s restaurant in Twin Falls, Idaho in 1994. One lawsuit that occurred with a McDonald’s in New Mexico over spilt coffee is one of the lawsuits I am referring to.From what I recall of this lawsuit as told by my employer, the customer in New Mexico came through the drive thru and ordered a cup of coffee as part of their order. As they departed out of the drive thru, the coffee spilt on the customer’s lap, causing third degree burns. I don’t know how much the medical bills of the customer were, but McDonaldâ₠¬â„¢s was sewed and the customer received a settlement from this lawsuit. As stated on Wikipedia, â€Å"ABC News called this lawsuit ‘the poster child of excessive lawsuits. † This is one of many examples of people sewing businesses over dumb stuff in my opinion. Who would want their coffee cold? That would more than likely lead to a complaint to the business. How it Affects My Current Occupation Business law is not the only law that affects my occupation, as I am in the military. I am also governed by the Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ). The UCMJ predates the constitution. The UCMJ is contained in Title 10, sections 801 through 946. â€Å"Scribd†) The UCMJ includes a lot of items that are wrong in our society as well, but allows for additional punishments and disciplinary action in the military system. The legal advisors in the military are referred to as Judge Advocate General’s (JAG’s). Since I work in the personnel portion of the industr y, I deal with JAG’s on a regular basis. I have had to sit as a recorder on disciplinary boards, recording and listening to what goes on as Soldier’s are disciplined for their actions. Because of the UCMJ, Soldier’s could be disciplined twice depending on the nature of the incident.I recall when I was deployed to Afghanistan having to help process legal paperwork for my Battalion Commander as he had to discipline twelve Soldier’s in the first two weeks for violations of the UCMJ that occurred when these Soldier’s were in Hawaii because he was their first O5 in their chain at the time of the disciplinary action. This was a huge eye opener to me of what can happen when law and the UCMJ are violated. Conclusion As I have started to learn about Business Law and hear about court cases between people in society and businesses, I know how important it is in business to follow the law.In addition, it is also important to do your part as a citizen and busin essman to implement and enforce laws that govern you in your business and operations. References Scribd. (). Retrieved from http://www. scribd. com/doc/982597/The-History-of-the-Military-Justice-System Wikipedia. (). Retrieved from http://en. wikipedia. org/w/index. php? title=Special%3ASearch&profile=default&search=business+law&fulltext=Search Wikipedia. (). Retrieved from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Liebeck_v. _McDonald's_Restaurants

Change of the lady. (Narrate the process

Change of the lady. (Narrate the process of transformation that the American wife experiences from the position of non-identity to the position of identity in the story ‘Cat in the Rain) By apurbadhlaiJesun Change of the lady. (Narrate the process of transformation that the American wife experiences from the position of non-identity to the position of identity in the story ‘Cat in the Rain) Answer: Hemingway's title to his story, â€Å"Cat in the Rain† carries more meaning than the literal cat in the rain. Indeed, the story talks about a cat stuck in the rain; however, this is not what Hemingway meant when he wrote the story.His character, the American Wife, alludes to the title of the story by presenting elements of confinement similar to that of the cat. In this story there is a process of transformation which is experienced by the American Wife. We notice that from various changes in her attitude. The story presents the American couple as emotionally barren, iso lated by their own self- absorption. The husband is unconcerned with his wife's malaise, never rising from his supine position on the bed, and even growing angry when she attempts to express her desires.The wife is nameless; shunned by her husband and lacking a ense of self-hood, she is like the â€Å"poor kitty out in the rain. Carelessness of the husband: We are first introduced to George and his wife, the latter is referred by as the â€Å"American Wife† in the first sentence of the story. This title lacks individuality and has no special meaning, signifying that she is Just a mere American Woman and nothing else. This already confines the character in a little cage, since it implies that she will never get herself out of the hole where society has placed her.George does not help much, rarely paying attention to her whenever she demands his care. This is evident when she sees â€Å"a cat†¦ crouched under one of the dripping green tables†, and points it out to her husband, who offers to help from his bed. The wife never speaks out about the restraint George puts on her, but rather feels it. The main reason behind this is her transformation from being the â€Å"American Wife† to the â€Å"American Girl†. To the general public, a girl seems to have less restraints due to her youth and innocence, while a wife has her (and her husband's) image to protect.Hemingway's choice of words implies that she feels the restraints being lifted once she left her otel room, leaving her husband behind. Hemingway provides other evidence for George's restraints by presenting the hotel keeper, whom the wife has a liking for. Described as an â€Å"old man and very tall†, the wife has a liking for him, especially his many qualities such as â€Å"the deadly serious way he received any complaints†¦ his dignity†¦ the way he wanted to serve her. † Hemingway never says anything about the wite loving or liking George, turtner supp orting the idea ot him putting some sort ot restraint on her.Lack of freedom: During the last part of the story, Hemingway presents the lack of freedom that the ife has. She asks George if â€Å"it would be a good idea if [she] lets [her] hair grow out? † George merely responds by saying â€Å"you look pretty darn nice. † She does not try to argue about it, further implying that she feels inferior, and George has control over her. While she does not explicitly state it, she feels that her lack of freedom is keeping her from being happy. She proceeds to go on a little rant about how she wants to have her own things, â€Å"l want to pull my hair back tight and smooth and make a big know at the back I can feel†¦I want to have a kitty†¦ I want to eat at a table ith my own silver and I want candles. † Perhaps George does not want to give her that freedom because he wants to exert his role as the head of the house. Keep in mind that this story was written in a time where women were considered nothing if they were not married. And even in their marriage, many women were not exactly considered part of society simply because they are women. This change is the only one reason behind his transformation from the position of non-identity to the position identity.Care of hotelkeeper: The wife ventures outside but is stopped by the rain. A maid, sent by the hotelkeeper, olds an umbrella for her. The cat is gone, and the wife exclaims that she wanted a cat so much, revealing that her concern is more for herself than the cat. She returns to their room and complains to George how much she wanted the cat, and says, â€Å"It isn't any fun to be a poor kitty out in the rain. † Her husband ignores her, and the woman, looking in the mirror, asks him if she should grow her hair out.He tells her he likes it as it is, short like a boy's, indicating the lack of passion in their union. The wife then begins to lament her many wants and needs, but her husband coldly tells her to â€Å"shut up. There is a knock on the door; it is the maid, again sent by the hotelkeeper. She has brought a big cat â€Å"for the Signora. â€Å". † It is significant that the hotelkeeper is more attuned to the American wife's desires and more willing to do what it takes to fulfill them than either the woman herself or her husband. Neither of them is willing†physically or symbolically†to go out into the rain.Similarities between George (the husband) and the rain: It seems that Hemingway's main contrast in explaining his point is by comparing the wife with the cat. Both are in similar situations where they are kept from being free. One is restrained by the rain while the other one is being restrained by her husband long to break out of those cages that keep them from enjoying life. Perhaps she saw herself in the cat who â€Å"was trying to keep dry under the table. † By going through such weather to rescue the kitty, she doesn t show determination, but rather a sense of hope that she herself may be rescued from her own cage.Unfortunately for her, the cat was gone. This turn of events shattered her hope, making her feel â€Å"very small and tight inside†. Indeed, she still feels confined to the cage George placed her in, and does not see a way out ot there. Hemingway presents us with more evidence that it is George that places such limits on her. When she walks by the pardoner, he made her feel â€Å"very small and at the same time really important. She had a momentary feeling of being of supreme importance. † It is crucial to take note of this, since it is the only time in the story where she has any feeling of superiority.She has a sense of confidence that is absent whenever George is present. Overview: We know, the story â€Å"Cat in the Rain† talks about a cat stuck outside in the rain, but I don't think that this is what Hemingway meant when he wrote this story. I like how Hemingw ay started the story off with describing the setting, where the two Americans were and how they were the only ones stopping in to this particular hotel. It gives the reader something to picture right off the bat. I think that Hemingway could have described the characters in more detail to get a better understanding of them.Also I think the in-depth description of the hotel wasn't necessary I would of liked to see the description put in to the characters more. I really liked the way Hemingway's character the American Woman acted because it felt very real to something in real ife. The way Hemingway portrayed the woman at first was more along the lines of a nagging wife, but when she goes to the window to see the cat her persona changes, I liked this because it made me get into her head and see how she was feeling Hemingway started in a unique way because I very rarely see a story start like this, and he pulled it off very well.The description of the location and setting pulled me righ t into the story; I liked this because it kept me interested and wanting to keep reading. I think the title that was given to the wife as the â€Å"American Wife† lacks ndividuality and has no special meaning, signifying that she is Just a mere American Woman and nothing else. I think that the title Hemingway chose was to portray that the wife felt that she was condoned to George her husband and that he never really paid much attention to her.This lack of attention makes her feel that she does not have much freedom to express herself and keeps much of her feelings inside. She definitely feels the restraint that George has put on her, and in order to please him, she attempts to make herself compact Just like the cat. I think this is why Hemingway akes it seem that she is so attached and drawn to helping the cat out of the rain. Reasons behind transformation: Two points can be inferred from this event: first, George discards all the trivial things the wife says and does not pro vide her with any attention, making her feel that she must demand it.This lack of attention makes her feel that she does not have much freedom to express herself and keeps much of her feelings inside. Second and most importantly, she seems to connect with the cat, â€Å"the cat was trying to make her so compact so that she would not be dripped on. † She definitely feels the restraint that George has put on her, and in order to please him, she attempts to make herself compact Just like the cat. â€Å"The Cat in the Rain† fits perfectly with the story.It symbolizes a cat that wants to be free, one that wants to go out and seek the world. The process of transformation is clear to us. Unfortunately, something is holding it back, something out of its control. Hemingway chose this title to retlect now the wite must teel about not being able to control her own life. She is Just like the cat in the rain, a radical and passionate being unable to take a chance because society ha s placed a restraint on her.

ENG Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

ENG - Essay Example The Treaty of Versailles did not give the German People any other alternative than accepting the 3rd Reich. Outline I. Introduction : A. End of World War 1 B Geographical Situation of Germany II. Treaty of Versailles A. Principle Clauses B. Clauses involving Germany 1. Sign of Guilt 2. Giving up of territory 3. payment of reparations a) equivalent of $328 billion today b) paid of last year c) scheduled for final payment in 1988 C. Economic ramifications 1. Payment scheme 2. English demand D. Hyperinflation - definition 1. Devaluation of the mark a) different attempts to recuperate b) valuation of mark to grain 2. Removal of the gold standard 3. Change of currency 3. Effect on the country E. Political Scheme 1. Weimar Republic 2. Growth of Nationalism 3. Political Dissent 4. Groups which were blamed for the war F. Great Depression 1. day to day life in before WWII 2. World response to the growth of the SA a) prelude to boycott of 1933 b) boycott G. Change in Germany's economy 1. Hitle r's promises 2. Background 3. No choice 4. burning of the Weimar building 5. Dictator H. Conclusion Annotated Bibliography Clemenceau, G. History Learning Site.CO.UK. Hyperinflation and Wiemar Germany in http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk: Already having stopped payments in 1922, France and Belgium invaded the Ruhr valley which was Germany's must industrial and fertile part of their territory.

SWOT Analysis on the Internal and External Environments relevant to Essay - 1

SWOT Analysis on the Internal and External Environments relevant to Allergan pertaining to their Botox Product - Essay Example Allergan has been into discovery of innovative products the like of Botox,and marketing them through prescription by doctors in the specialty markets for a long time. It boasts of a research & development wing involved in discovering and producing specialty segment products such as BOTOXÂ ® Cosmetic, which is a prescription medicine that is injected into face muscles for improving the look by reducing or fully eliminating frown lines between the eyebrows in people in the age group of 18 to 65 years temporarily. SWOT Analysis Internal – Strengths Botox not only removes frown lines but is equally effective in other many ailments such as in treating migraine headaches, chronic neck and back pain, sweating overly, and probably spastic disorders also. Allergan internal strengths are many. Its 8000 employees worldwide are its major strength. Allergan has reached to its current customers via its vast network of workforce. R& D investment in the making of the product i.e. Botox has b een the internal strength of the company and the product both. Being a multispecialty healthcare company into discovering, developing and commercializing pharmaceuticals, biologics and medical devices, it is deeply rooted into manufacturing of specialty products such as Botox, which has brought it to the front runners’ line by capturing a niche market worldwide of its customers belonging to all walks of life. Botox being an innovative product, it is comparatively safe from generic erosion, as the medicinal formula of developing the medicine is a well-kept secret, which insulates the medicine from being sold by copying the drug development process. Internal – Weaknesses Botox is not a fully safe drug, as it paralyses facial muscles to the point beyond the earlier natural condition of the muscles where they can no longer react to outside changes emerging from symptoms such as age, use and wear. Forehead muscles can’t express emotions like anger. The community of a ctors and stars, mostly habitual to using Botox can no more show their emotions above the eye through acting. An emotionless face can transform humans into zombies. Botox has a number of side effects like drooping eyelids, drooling mouth, and slurred speech. These side effects are quite serious in nature affecting the personality of a person. Some temporary side effects such as nausea, allergic reactions, headaches, respiratory infections, flu symptoms, and redness and swelling around the injected area could be visible in some or all patients for a short duration. Another weakness of the medicine is that its impact on the related area is not permanent. The treatment remains effective only till six months of taking the Botox injection. It is a very costly treatment and is effective for a short duration compelling consumers to visit the clinics in regular intervals to maintain their visage. External – Opportunities Sales opportunities have increased greatly. Botox can be market ed globally through advertisement to the probable users for cosmetic uses of the product; earlier permission to advertising the product was not granted. Latest fashion trends provide a boost to the sale of Botox, as the product has become very popular in high profile society. Advertisement in the TV and popular magazines has increased the sales of Botox significantly as on an average a person views such ads 10 times a year. Ophthalmic market offers huge business potential for sale of Botox. Dermatology is another area where Allergan has opportunities waiting as use of Botox in dermatology provides possibilities of expanding by acquiring new formulas or by buying licenses from foreign producers, as it is relatively more cost-efficient than developing through R & D. The company can leverage through spending on marketing efforts from the revenue earned in dollar on other products to fight competition. Huge sales opportunities exist in primary segment

HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT - Assignment Example Google ensures through compensation that these talented people are retained. The reward and compensation system at Google is pay-for-performance. The stock option system of the company ensures that employees get compensated and rewarded along with the growth of the company. The most astonishing factor is that in 2005-2006 the employees by themselves demanded a wage cut. According to the Director and Professor of Human Resource Center working at Wharton Business School, "these perks and benefits help Google to recruit people who are willing to spend most of their time at work place". Statistics show that software engineer at Google receives an average salary of $81,239 which is just $8000 less than their senior competitors, yahoo (Small Business, n.d.). Nowadays, many young engineer and professional aspire to get employed at Google. The reason is due to excellent fun and work environment. Top it all, bonuses and compensation, flexibility in working on projects etc. Google has been the most renowned example of a motivating and encouraging employer. There wouldn’t be any single person who wouldn’t wish to work at Google. ... Under this head, comes the most extensively debated subject that is soft HRM and hard HRM. In Soft HRM, companies consider their employees as the most valuable and important resource. For such companies, the needs of employees must be catered at first. Such types of companies are usually considered as ‘good’ employers. Therefore, these companies offer their employees substantial chances to grow not only as workers but also as individuals. Employees are provided regular training in order to ensure that prospect promotions. In hard HRM, companies generally treat their employees as a means of obtaining profits and efficiency. Hard HRM usually do not takes into account the needs and wants of employees. Hard HRM allows the employer to have full control over its workforce and operations. In such organizations, the morale and skills of employees are relatively lower. Companies utilize these approaches according to their corporate culture and type of industry. Those organization s which operate in such industry where norms, standards and benchmark needs to be maintain adopts hard HRM. On the other hand, those companies which are research based and require creative and innovative tactics utilize soft HRM where employees are given full authority to do the work in a way they feel the best. Hard HRM is widely accepted and implemented in organizations like KFC, McDonalds and Ryanair while soft HRM is implemented and encourages in organizations like Facebook and Google. Yes! Google utilizes soft HRM approach (Peter Bamberger, 2000). The culture of Google gives liberty to its workers to bring in innovative and creative stuff. In this regard, they are expected to research and work as per their own way. In fact, Google encourages its employees to spend 20% of

Nurse-Patient Mandated Ratio Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Nurse-Patient Mandated Ratio - Assignment Example These are the main centers of policymaking and take initiative to educate the public at both state and federal level. Proposed legislation faces more criticism at the committee level, which is why there is need to understand the committee. Since legislators face numerous task as an advocate I can take, advantage of this situation and wield a lot of power by trying to help my own legislator in evaluation of various issues therefore influencing how he will vote on the issue. At the local level, the best strategies to employ would be making my way into the legislative arena and getting to acquaint myself with the committees and staff members of the legislative (Abood, 2007). Still at the local level, I will also try to get to understand how the legislative process works so that I can familiarize myself. Finally still at the local level I will need to identify the key players so that when I move to the state level I know whom to influence (Abood, 2007). At the state level, I will deploy the last two strategies where I get to understand how the committee works by trying to be close or interact with them at some points. Then finally, I create a good rapport with the legislator whom I will try to influence to support the necessary policies and vote for them. There are various sources of power that can increase my influence for votes. Focusing on professionalism, the key sources I get include adding credentials by doing additional courses to elevate my current position. I can also join various professional clubs and organization, which will make me gain a certain state in the society and get to interact with various professionals across the state. I can also network with the current legislator and committee members as their status can influence my popularity and thus increasing my votes. Other professional strategies I can use include participating in activities that I know will reward me

Cognition Development and Music Training Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Cognition Development and Music Training - Essay Example His world is bounded by the sense of touch and better yet, by the sounds that his surroundings would offer. Perhaps a good example of how sounds contribute to the human brain is the teaching of verbal language to the young ones. The words they utter such as 'Mama' or 'Dada' results from the insistent and persistent training of the parents who illustrate by speaking to the baby in an instructional technique. Consider for example the study of Weber et al (as cited in Overy, 2000) which employed elementary school students from 50 Swiss educational institutions. There was an experimental curriculum in which language and math subjects were augmented with musical instruction. The finding was that those who availed of such an instruction performed better in language and reading than those who took the standard courses. Another interesting study is that of Gardiner et al (1996) who found out that those 1st grade students who availed of a program which replaced standard methods of instructions with musical teaching registered better performances in math and the languages. Indeed, the association between sounds and learning have been the interest of many studies some of which have been specialized as more scientific tools are becoming available. Consider for instance the study published in the Society of Neuroscience conducted by Lahav and Schlaug (2007) of Harvard Medical School. What they did was to teach nine randomly selected people (from a pool of candidates who have met certain criterions such as having no musical training) and teach them a five note, 24 second song. They then let the subjects listen to three different songs - the one they taught, another one with the same five notes but different... What they did was to teach nine randomly selected people (from a pool of candidates who have met certain criterions such as having no musical training) and teach them a five note, 24 second song. They then let the subjects listen to three different songs – the one they taught, another one with the same five notes but different arrangement and another one with additional notes. By using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), they were bale to come with an image that shows that when they hear the song they were taught there was significant activity on the frontal and parietal lobe. This part of the brain is associated with motor movements which leads the author to speculate that the human mind may have developed neuron systems which allows us to understand actions even when they cannot be observed but can only be heard such as when we hear the rustling of   leaves.  What is important to recognize is that these studies serve as proof that there is indeed a connection between the b rain and musical training.Professional Training in Music  Ã‚  After having illustrated the connection between brain development and sounds, we are now prepared to consider a much more complex topic and that is the inquiry into whether professional musicians have developed cognition abilities different than those who haven’t received musical training at all. I caution the reader, however, that this discussion does not presuppose that there is indeed some form of connection as what our previous discussion would tell us.

Robert M. Adams, Moral arguments for Theistic Belief Essay

Robert M. Adams, Moral arguments for Theistic Belief - Essay Example Adams begins with what he thinks is one of the most apparent, though perhaps not the most fashionable, arguments about the farm: the Argument on the Nature of Wrong and Right. He deems that people believe quite firmly that particular things are morally right while others remain morally wrong (for instance, that it not right to torture a person to death only for fun). He goes ahead to raise questions on the nature of what is in these moral beliefs: what does the wrongness or rightness of an act comprise in? He believe that the most satisfactory answer is given by a theory that involves the existence of God – particularly, by a theory that moral wrongness and rightness consist in disagreement and agreement, respectively, with the commands or will of the loving God. The most generally conventional reasons for believing in existence of anything are what its existence is inferred by the theory that appears to account most satisfactorily for some subject matter. He contemplates that his metaethical views provide him with a reason of a substantial weight for believing in God existence. Adams thinks that there is no need of discussing to what extent the advantages of divine command theory may be controlled by theological metaethical theories, for instance, by views according to what moral principles do not rely on the will of God for their cogency, but on his consideration for their ontological positions. Such theories, if someone is inclined to take them, can of course get the basis of theism argument. He thinks it is very important to discuss, and at greater depth than the advantages, the alleged disadvantages of celestial command metaethics. Advantages may be easily acknowledged, but the disadvantages are normally thought to be decisive. He argues that, they these disadvantages are not decisive. There he takes the reader through three major objections that are particularly significant for the present argument as